OntoAna: Domain Ontology for Human Anatomy

Today, we can find many search engines which provide us with information which is more operational in nature. None of the search engines provide domain specific information. This becomes very troublesome to a novice user who wishes to have information in a particular domain. In this paper, we have developed an ontology which can be used by a domain specific search engine. We have developed an ontology on human anatomy, which captures information regarding cardiovascular system, digestive system, skeleton and nervous system. This information can be used by people working in medical and health care domain.Comment: Proceedings of 5th CSI National Conference on Education and Research. Organized by Lingayay University, Faridabad. Sponsored by Computer Society of India and IEEE Delhi Chapter. Proceedings published by Lingayay University Pres

In Vitro Conservation of Twenty-Three Overexploited Medicinal Plants Belonging to the Indian Sub Continent

Twenty-three pharmaceutically important plants, namely, Elaeocarpus spharicus, Rheum emodi, Indigofera tinctoria, Picrorrhiza kurroa, Bergenia ciliata, Lavandula officinalis, Valeriana wallichii, Coleus forskohlii, Gentiana kurroo, Saussurea lappa, Stevia rebaudiana, Acorus calamus, Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium, Aloe vera, Bacopa monnieri, Salvia sclarea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Swertia cordata, Psoralea corylifolia, Jurinea mollis, Ocimum sanctum, Paris polyphylla, and Papaver somniferum, which are at the verge of being endangered due to their overexploitation and collection from the wild, were successfully established in vitro. Collections were made from the different biodiversity zones of India including Western Himalaya, Northeast Himalaya, Gangetic plain, Western Ghats, Semiarid Zone, and Central Highlands. Aseptic cultures were raised at the morphogenic level of callus, suspension, axillary shoot, multiple shoot, and rooted plants. Synseeds were also produced from highly proliferating shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Stevia rebaudiana, Valeriana wallichii, Gentiana kurroo, Lavandula officinalis, and Papaver somniferum. In vitro flowering was observed in Papaver somniferum, Psoralea corylifolia, and Ocimum sanctum shoots cultures. Out of 23 plants, 18 plants were successfully hardened under glasshouse conditions

Evaluation of in vitro and invivo anti-inflammatory activities of Parthenium camphora

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of solvent extracts of Parthenium camphora (Family: Compositae), a non-useful and waste weed growing through waste sides. The anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through in vitro and in vivo procedures, the results were found to be very surprising and promising. Aqueous and Ethanolic solvent extracts of Parthenium camphora were found to have significant anti-inflammatory activity at doses 100 and 120 mg/Kg during in vitro anti-inflammatory assay. The ethanolic fractions of the plant causes significant reduction in inflammation i.e. 92 % (120 mg/kg) followed by aqueous extract i.e. 85 % (120 mg/kg) compared to standard anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac Sodium i.e. 87 % (10 mg/kg). The values of reduction in paw volume, 0.10 ± 0.05, 0.14 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.05 were found significantly of ethanol extract, aqueous extract and Diclofenac sodium, respectively at 4 h after carrageenan administration. Ethanolic extracts showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to aqueous extracts. The extracts showed higher anti-inflammatory potential as the dose varies. Thus results showed that extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in dose-dependent manner. The extracts exhibited membrane stabilization effect by inhibiting hypotonicity induced lysis of erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocyte membrane is analogous to the lysosomal membrane, and its stabilization implies that the extract may as well stabilize lysosomal membrane. Stabilization of lysosomal membrane is important in limiting the inflammatory response by preventing the release of lysosomal constituents of activated neutrophils such as bacterial enzymes and proteases which cause further tissue inflammation and damage. From the above study it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Parthenium camphora has significant membrane stabilization property compared to the aqueous extract of the same plant and it was comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac Sodium

Image Improvement and Restoration in Optical Time Series. I. The Method

Globular clusters (GCs) are considered strong candidates for hosting rogue (free-floating) planets. Since they are not bound to a star, they are undetectable by any traditional detection methods: transit, radial velocity, or direct imaging. Gravitational microlensing (ML), which causes transient brightening of background stars by passing foreground masses, is, on the other hand, an established method of detecting planets and proves promising for application in GCs. By employing the image subtraction technique, differential photometry on the time-series images of GCs could extract variability events, build light curves and inspect them for the presence of microlensing. However, instrumental anomalies and varying observing conditions over a long observational campaign period result in the distortion of stellar Point Spread Function (PSF), which affects the subtraction quality and leads to false-positive transient detection and large-scale noise structure in the subtracted images. We propose an iterative image reconstruction method as a modification to the Scaled Gradient Projection (SGP) algorithm, called the Flux-Conserving Scaled Gradient Projection (FC-SGP), to restore the shapes of stars while preserving their flux well within the photometrically accepted tolerance. We perform an extensive empirical comparative study of FC-SGP with different image restoration algorithms like the Richardson-Lucy (RL) and the original SGP algorithms, using several physically motivated metrics and experimental convergence analysis. We find that FC-SGP could be a promising approach for astronomical image restoration. In the future, we aim to extend its application to different image formats while maintaining the performance of the proposed algorithm.Comment: Submitted to MNRA

Quantifying the Classification of Exoplanets: in Search for the Right Habitability Metric

What is habitability? Can we quantify it? What do we mean under the term habitable or potentially habitable planet? With estimates of the number of planets in our Galaxy alone running into billions, possibly a number greater than the number of stars, it is high time to start characterizing them, sorting them into classes/types just like stars, to better understand their formation paths, their properties and, ultimately, their ability to beget or sustain life. After all, we do have life thriving on one of these billions of planets, why not on others? Which planets are better suited for life and which ones are definitely not worth spending expensive telescope time on? We need to find sort of quick assessment score, a metric, using which we can make a list of promising planets and dedicate our efforts to them. Exoplanetary habitability is a transdisciplinary subject integrating astrophysics, astrobiology, planetary science, even terrestrial environmental sciences. We review the existing metrics of habitability and the new classification schemes of extrasolar planets and provide an exposition of the use of computational intelligence techniques to evaluate habitability scores and to automate the process of classification of exoplanets. We examine how solving convex optimization techniques, as in computing new metrics such as CDHS and CEESA, cross-validates ML-based classification of exoplanets. Despite the recent criticism of exoplanetary habitability ranking, this field has to continue and evolve to use all available machinery of astroinformatics, artificial intelligence and machine learning. It might actually develop into a sort of same scale as stellar types in astronomy, to be used as a quick tool of screening exoplanets in important characteristics in search for potentially habitable planets for detailed follow-up targets.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, in pres